Ben Tylecote

  action and heap (reaction) notice actions that drive the plot forwards requires keen eye for moments that cause shifts each action effectively leads ot another chain reaction tha tconstructs the story's arc Ball calls this the causal chain note how actions begin and how they evolve triggers and heaps heaps are then triggers for next heaps analyze what incites each action action occurs when something happens that makes or permits soemthing else to happen one event requires a second events, connected. Otherwise it is not an action try to read a play by its actions, it is difficult sometimes this domino effect divides. A triggers leads to two or more heaps. Now it is two trains of dominos that both must be followed separately. if you cannot find the connection between one domino and the next (why or how one makes the next fall) then there is a problem either in the writing or in the reading. David Ball calls this method: sequential analysis most useful when done backwards. from end ...

    1. For Herbert Marcuse, ‘the optimal goal is the replacement of false needs by true ones, the abandonment of repressive satisfaction’ (‘The New Forms of Control’, p. 9). Explain Marcuse’s argument and consider its relevance to one or more of the texts you have studied on the module.     Marcuse’s argument   Marcuse tells us that the world we live in is not as free as we think. He argues we feel ‘needs’ for things we don’t ‘need’. Such needs perpetuate the toil, aggressiveness, misery and injustice that come with work. In effect these false needs make us work more in order to be able to attain them, trapping us in a form of ‘servitude’, in work.   Our true human needs have been preconditioned, they are genetic. Our human needs are our historical needs. Our true needs are those which we have needed through history to survive: nourishment, clothing, lodging etc. All others are ‘false needs’.  Needs imposed by society, by society’s masters. The fact ...

    Pragmatic analysis of Earnest Hemingway’s protagonists in his short story Hills Like White Elephants   The study of Pragmatics is a valuable perspective from which to analyse Earnest Hemingway’s work, which is frequently compared to an iceberg. Pragmatics is the study of “invisible” meaning, or how we recognize what is meant even when it is not actually said or written (Yule 2022). In his written acceptance speech for the 1954 Nobel Prize in literature, Earnest Hemingway clearly states his intent to “write and not speak” what he has to say (Robertson 2014). Driven by dialogue, his short story Hills Like White Elephants presents the relationship between a couple discussing abortion (although Hemmingway and his characters never explicitly say this) with uncooperative techniques that highlight issues and ultimately cognitive dissonance woven through their relationship and accentuated by the weaving river Ebro where the story is set. From my analysis I would expect to se...